Relationship Between Tree Size, Sediment Mud Content, Oxygen Levels, and Pneumatophore Abundance in the Mangrove Tree Species Avicennia Marina (Forssk.) Vierh

Mangroves are important in protecting and stabilizing coastal zones. Pneumatophores of the mangrove species Avicennia marina can form a large aboveground complex aerial roots, which supporting growth low-oxygen environments. We examined relationship between tree height, girth, sediment mud content, oxygen levels with pneumatophore abundance. As sediments higher content have more anaerobic conditions due to their lower porosity, we hypothesized that abundance would be positively correlated negatively levels. Pneumatophore A. ranged from 14 516 per m2 (mean 171.8 ± 0.61 m2), height 6.6 27.5 cm (14.1 0.86 cm), maximum diameter 8.5–12.7 mm (8.5 0.24 mm). was girth. hypothesized, percentage percentage. This suggests trees adapt water-logged by increasing number pneumatophores, hence providing greater surface area for gas exchange. In addition, there significant effect (natural planted), tidal position, interaction. With natural having pneumatophores compared planted mangrove, highest closest sea. While did not differ among zones mangrove.